What material is the nail plate primarily composed of?

The nail plate is primarily composed of keratin, which is a tough, fibrous protein that is also a key structural component of hair and the outer layer of skin. Keratin is crucial for providing the nail plate with its strength and resilience, enabling it to protect the underlying nail bed and supporting tissues. The structure of keratin includes a unique arrangement of amino acids, giving it the durability needed to withstand daily wear and tear.

In choosing keratin as the correct answer, it's essential to understand that while collagen is found in the skin and connective tissues, it is not a component of the nail plate itself. Similarly, gel is a term often used in nail enhancements and products but does not denote a natural component of the nail. Although calcium is important for overall nail health and growth, it is not a primary component of the nail plate structure. Therefore, keratin is the most accurate choice when identifying the primary material that makes up the nail plate.